A resource for collectors, metal-detectorists and students
Early Edwardian Pennies
Group 9
Type 9a1 (c.1299-1300/01) - Spink 1407; North 1036/1
Coins of type 9a are divided into two varieties, the earlier of which, 9a1, has the same crown as 8a and 8b. This crown has a tall, bell-shaped central fleur, usually damaged on the right leaf. The initial cross of 9a1 is large and plain (or very slightly pattée), and obverse contractive marks are often present after R, L and/or B. Both 9a varieties have a top-tilted S, and often a star on the breast. When 9a1 doesn’t have a star, it can easily be confused with 8b, but the H of 9a1 doesn’t have a notched tail, or a contractive mark after the letter. The letter A is barred or unbarred, N is normal or unbarred. Coins of Durham have a cross moline as initial mark on both obverse and reverse (see gallery image 2). Some Durham coins attributed to 9a were struck from locally made dies.
King’s name: EDW
Mints: Canterbury, Durham, London
Type 9a2 (c.1299-1300/01) - Spink 1407; North 1036/2
Coins of type 9a are divided into two varieties, the later of which, 9a2, has a new flatter crown with a wide central fleur and spread side-fleurs. The initial cross of 9a2 is a small neat cross pattée and, unlike 9a1, contractive marks in the legend are rare. Both 9a varieties have a top-tilted S, and often a star on the breast. The letter A is usually unbarred, N is normal or unbarred. Coins of Durham have a cross moline initial mark on both obverse and reverse. Some Durham coins attributed to 9a were struck from locally made dies.
King’s name: EDW
Mints: Bury, Canterbury, Durham, London
Type 9b1 (c.1299-1300/01) - Spink 1408; North 1037/1
Coins of type 9b are divided into two varieties, the earlier of which, 9b1, has the same crown as 9a2. Both varieties have a normal letter S (as distinct from the top-tilted S of their 8b-9a predecessors), and often a star on the breast. The letter A is usually unbarred, N is normal, unbarred or of 'pothook' form. Coins of Durham have either a plain cross or cross moline initial mark on the obverse only. Some Durham coins attributed to 9b were struck from locally made dies (see gallery image 2).
King’s name: EDW
Mints: Bury, Bristol, Canterbury, Chester, Durham, Exeter, Kingston-upon-Hull, London, Newcastle-on-Tyne, York (royal), York (episcopal)
Type 9b2 (c.1299-1300/01) - Spink 1408; North 1037/1
Coins of type 9b are divided into two varieties, the later of which, 9b2, has a new crown. The crown is very similar to that of 9b1, but has a straight right-hand side fleur, rather than the outwardly curved fleur of its predecessor. The central fleur is also more rounded and less angular. Both varieties of 9b have a normal letter S (as distinct from the top-tilted S of their 8b-9a predecessors), and often a star on the breast. The letter A is usually unbarred, N is unbarred or of 'pothook' form. Coins of Durham have either a plain cross or cross moline initial mark on the obverse only. Some Durham coins attributed to 9b were struck from locally made dies (see gallery image 2).
King’s name: EDW
Mints: Bury, Bristol, Canterbury, Chester, Durham, Exeter, Kingston-upon-Hull, London, Newcastle-on-Tyne, York (royal), York (episcopal)
Type 9c (c.1299-1300/01) - Spink 1408A; North 1037/2
True coins of type 9c are only known of the Bury mint. Those of all other mints are mules, either with an obverse of 9b1 and a reverse of 9c, or an obverse of 9c and a reverse of early 10ab. The latter coins are, amongst others, designated type 10x (see below). The characteristics of 9c dies are larger crude lettering with a barred A and a variable N, which may be normal, reverse-barred or double-barred.
King’s name: EDW, EVV (Bury mint only)
Mints: Bury, Canterbury, Durham, Newcastle-on-Tyne
Type 10x (c.1301-1302) - Spink -; North -
Coins of type 10x have an obverse of 9b1 or 9c and a reverse of early type 10ab (10ab1—10ab3). The lettering on the reverse differs markedly from the lettering of group 9 in having incurved uprights, which are particularly apparent on the letters I and N.
King’s name: EDW
Mints: Canterbury, Durham, London, Newcastle-on-Tyne
9a and 9b Note - Durham Local Dies
The coins of types 9a and 9b struck at Durham from locally made dies cannot satisfactorily be subdivided into the lower level sub-types, except to the extent that some of them are muled with regular obverse or reverse dies made at London. The distinction between those of 9a and 9b is predominantly based on the fact that regular coins of type 9a have the cross moline initial mark on both obverse and reverse, whereas those of type 9b have it only on the obverse. Irregular coins with the cross moline initial mark on both sides are thus assigned to 9a, while those with it only on the obverse are assigned to 9b.